On the occasion of World Tuberculosis Day, observed on March 24, Dr. Abdulah Redžepagić, specialist in pneumophthisiology and head of the Tuberculosis Department at the Pulmonary Diseases Clinic of the University Clinical Center Tuzla, highlights the importance of raising awareness about this infectious disease, which remains a significant public health challenge.
“Tuberculosis has existed since ancient times and is believed to have been present as long as human civilization. While advancements in treatment have greatly reduced mortality rates, the disease persists and continues to have a serious impact on public health,” emphasizes Dr. Redžepagić.
Dr. Redžepagić also emphasizes that tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases. Each year, more than 10 million people worldwide contract tuberculosis, resulting in approximately 1.2 million deaths.
According to 2024 data, 96 new cases of tuberculosis were recorded in the Tuzla Canton, with three fatalities. While the incidence of the disease is declining, Dr. Redžepagić warns that tuberculosis remains a serious concern, as it can affect all populations. The most vulnerable groups include individuals with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, diabetics, and cancer patients.
The symptoms of tuberculosis, as Dr. Redžepagić explains, can be subtle and often develop gradually. These include a persistent cough lasting more than 21 days, coughing up blood, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and high fever. Because tuberculosis progresses slowly, many patients do not recognize the severity of their condition until significant lung damage has already occurred.
“If you experience any symptoms—especially a persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, or fever—it’s crucial to see a doctor. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent serious complications,” warns Dr. Redžepagić.
One of the most effective preventive measures against tuberculosis, as Dr. Redžepagić highlights, is vaccination of newborns with the BCG vaccine, which provides protection against the most severe forms of the disease. Additionally, raising public awareness about strengthening immunity through a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, and avoiding risk factors such as smoking plays a vital role in prevention.
“A key preventive measure is also timely treatment and isolation of patients to prevent the spread of the disease, particularly within families and closed communities. Our Clinic for Pulmonary Diseases actively participates in global tuberculosis control programs and strategies, which has contributed to a decline in both the number of cases and mortality rates,” emphasizes Dr. Redžepagić.
Although mortality from tuberculosis has significantly decreased in recent decades, the disease remains a global health threat that demands continuous vigilance. Dr. Redžepagić concludes: “We all have a responsibility to recognize the risks of tuberculosis. Health starts with us—by seeking medical attention in time, ensuring proper treatment, and taking preventive measures, we can reduce complications and prevent irreversible damage to the lungs.”
